4.14

• the uv light passes through the atmosphere, reflects of the surface of the earth
• greenhouse gases reflect light back down, results in increased temperature, and climate change consequently

consequences:
- ice caps melting
- rise in sea level
- change in ocean currents
- change in the way winds are generated
- distribution of the worlds biomes changes (major vegetational ecosystem)
- rise in temp

4.13

how human activity adds to the greenhouse effect:

• burning fossil fuels (as well as cars, factories) leads to more CO2,NO2,SO2
• farming (cows) cause methane (CH4)
• evaporation of water -> water vapour (clouds)
• refrigeration/ solvents/ propellants
--> CFC chlorine, fluorine, carbon C(CL3)F

4.12 - green house effect

4.11

• combustion of fossil fuels (as well as vehicle combustion) gives off sulphur dioxide (SO2)
• When the SO2 combines with H2O in the atmosphere, sulphuric acid is made which leads to acid rain.
• Trees and plants are affected by the acid rain by getting burned
• Ca2+ and mag 2+ are leached from the soil, meaning plants cannot obtain calcium or magnesium that they need to grow
• the ph of lakes is reduced which releases Al3+ ions, which means more fish die. The aluminum forms as a mucus to the fishes gills which decreases the ability for oxygen to get in


• Fossil fuels are burned with an insufficient amount of oxygen resulting in carbon monoxide
• Carbon monoxide is toxic as it attaches to your haemoglobin cells inside your red blood cells which blocks oxygen getting around your body
• does not smell, cannot be seen, can lead to death